Grammar

QUESTION-TAQS

Question-Taqs adalah pertanyaan pendek yang diletakkan di
akhir suatu pernyataan tyang digunakan untuk meminta persetujuan/
konfirmasi.


Aturan penggunaan:
1. Apabila pernyataan positive, maka question taqs-nya negative dan
sebaliknya.


2. Question Taqs harus berupa Pronoun ( kata Ganti). Yaitu : I, You,
They. We, He, She, It, There.
Contoh : She will be at home, won’t she?
Jack didn’t like swimming, did he?
There is something to talk, isn’t there ?
Note :
1. Kata-kata berikut ini menggunakan kata ganti” They”,
- These - Noone
- Those - Nobody
- Anyone - Everyone
- Anybody - Everybody
- Someone - Somebody
- Posessive adjective + plural Noun
Contoh :
o These books are yours, aren’t they?
o Your cars were very expensive, weren’t they?
o Noone came to his party, did they?


2. Berikut adalah kelompok kombinasi Subject dan Question Taqsnya
 I/We+ You/they/he/she/it = We
 You+ they/you/he/she/it = You
 Dan bila tidak terdapat “I,We dan You”, maka kombinasikombinasisubject
menggunakan kata ganti “They”.
Contoh :
 He and I will visit her, won’t We?
 You and She are suitable couple, aren’ You?
 Her father and her mother didn’t come, did They?


3. Dalam pernyataan “ I am”, question-Taqs-nya adalah”aren’t I”
atau” am I not”
Contoh :
 I am supposed to to be here, aren’t I?
 I am not a student anymore, am I?


4. Apabila pada pernyataan terdapat kata- kata yang mengandung arti
“negative” atau “semi negative”, maka Question- taqsnya
“positive”.
Seperti :
- Never - Few
- Seldom - Little
- Rare - Hardly
- Barely - Scarcely
- No/ none/ not… - etc.
Contoh :
o She never comes late, does she ?
o Ther are only few students in the class, are there ?


5. Pada kalimat perintah positive (imperative) dan negative/ larangan
(Prohibition), Question-Taqs-nyamenggunakan “will you”.
Contoh :
o Stop the noise, will you ?
o Don’t be afraid, will you ?


6. Ajakan dengan “Let’s”, Question Taqs-nyamenggunakan” Shall
we”
Contoh :
o Let’s speak English, shall we ?
o Let’s keep our dicipline, shall we ?


7. Pada kalimat majemuk (complex sentence), Question Taqs-nya
dibuat berdasarkan kalimat utamanya.
Contoih :
o I think you are sick, aren’t you ?
o I wish she understood what I want, didn’t she?
Note :Kalimat utama yang dimaksud adalah kalimat yang menjadi pokok
pembicaraan.

MODAL AUXILIARY

Modal:
Will (akan) Must (harus)
Can (dapat) May (boleh)


Formula : S+Modal+bare infinitive+……..


Example :
 I will go to Semarang tonight
 She must do the home work
 I can make a delicious cake
 You may go home now.


Dalam penggunaan modal tidak boleh ada 2 modal auxiliary dalam datu
kalimat, sehingga diperlukan penggunaan similar modal.
Similar modal:
 Be going to --> will
 Be able to --> can
 Be allowed to --> may
 have/has to --> must


Contoh :
Mira will be able to visit you tomorrow.
We will be allowed to drive this car tonight

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive Voice adalah kalimat yang obyeknya dikenai pekerjaan.
Syarat :dalam kalimat aktif harus ada obyek yang nantinya berubah
menjadi subyek pada kalimat pasif


Pattern:
Be+V3
V1 = IS, AM, ARE
V2 = WAS, WERE
V3 = BEEN
Ving = BEING

Contoh :
I visit you everyday
You are visited by me everyday
be V3
AV : Tom has read a magazine for two hours
PV : A magazine has been read by Tom for two hours


Be V3
AV : Kim read a magazine yesterday
PV : A magazine was read by Kim yesterday
Be V3

PRESENT

1. Simple Present Tense

S + IS/AM/ARE + V 3

Contohnya:
I am called by the teacher
Mimy is bitten by a little dog
The house is sold by the owner.

2. Present Continuous Tense

S + AM/IS/ARE + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:
I am being called by the teacher
Mimy is being bitten by a little dog
The house is being sold by the owner.

3. Present Perfect Tense

S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V 3
Contohnya:
I have been called by the teacher
Mimy has been bitten by a little dog
The house has been sold by the owner.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + BEING + V 3
Contohnya:
I have been being called by the teacher
Mimy has been being bitten by a little dog
The house has been being sold by the owner.

PAST

1. Simple Past Tense

S + WAS/WERE + V 3

Contohnya:
We were called by the teacher
Mimy was bitten by a little dog
The house was sold by the owner.

2. Past Continuous Tense

S + WAS/WERE + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:
We were being called by the teacher
Mimy was being bitten by a little dog
The house was being sold by the owner.

3. Past Perfect Tense

S + HAD + BEEN + V 3
Contohnya:
I had been called by the teacher
Mimy had been bitten by a little dog
The house had been sold by the owner.

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

S + HAD + BEEN + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:
I had been being called by the teacher
Mimy had been being bitten by a little dog
The house had been being sold by the owner.

FUTURE

1. Simple Future Tense

S + WILL + BE + V 3

Contohnya:
I will be called by the teacher
Mimy will be bitten by a little dog
The house will be sold by the owner.

2. Future Continuous Tense

S + WILL + BE + BEING + V 3
Contohnya:
I will be being called by the teacher
Mimy will be being bitten by a little dog
The house will be being sold by the owner.

3. Future Perfect Tense

S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V 3

Contohnya:
I will have been called by the teacher
Mimy will have been bitten by a little dog
The house will have been sold by the owner.

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN +BEING + V 3

Contohnya:
I will have been being called by the teacher
Mimy will have been being bitten by a little dog
The house will have been being sold by the owner.

GREETING AND INTRODUCTION

1. Hallo? …………… Hallo!
2. Good morning! Good …………
3. Good afternoon! Good …………
4. Good evening! Good …………
5. How do you do? How ………….
6. What’s your name please? My name’s ………
7. How are you? I’m ………………
8. How is your mother? My mother (she) is ……..
9. How is your father? My father (he) is …………
10. Where do you live? I live …………
11. Where were you born? I was born in …………
12. When were you born? I was born on … (mm) …. (dd)
… (yy)…..
13. How many are thee in your family? There are …. In my family
14. How many brothers and sisters do you have? I have …. Brother (s)
and … sister (s)
15. Where are your brother and sister now? My … number one is in
……My ….number two is in

Speech text

Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Excellency Mr. Wachid Anshory the head master of SMAN 3 Kediri
Honorable …….
Respectable ……..
Dear ladies and gentlemen
First of all, let’s thank and pray unto our God Allah SWT, who has
given us mercies and blessings so we can attend and gather in this place in good
condition and happy situation.
Secondly, may peace and salutation always be given to our prophet
Muhammad SAW, the last messenger of God who has guided from stupidity to
the cleverness, from jahiliyah era to islamiyah era namely Islam religion that
we love.


Thirdly, I don’t forget to say thank you very much to Master of
ceremony who has given me time to deliver my story in front of you all.
OK. Ladies and Gentlemen
In this occasion, I would like to deliver my speech under the title……
Ladies and gentleman,
………
………
That’s all my speech, may what I have delivered be useful in your life,
in this world and hereafter. If you found many mistakes in my story, please
forgive me.
And, the last I say Wassalamualaikum Wr Wb.

Tenses

TENSES
Tenses adalah perubahan kata kerja yang dipengaruhi oleh waktu dan sifat
kejadian. Semua kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris tidak lepas dari tenses
karena semua kalimat pasti ada hubungannya dengan waktu dan sifat

SIMPLE PRESENT

A. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + V-1 (s/es) + O + keterangan waktu.
(-) S + do/does + not + V-1 + O + keterangan waktu.
(?) Do/does + S + V-1 + O + keterangan waktu?


Contoh :
(+) You study English at MEC everyday.
(-) You don't study English at MEC everyday.
(?) Do you study English at MEC everyday?


1. Kalau subjek kalimat orang ketiga tunggal (the third person
singular-she/he/it), kata kerja harus ditambah dengan "s" atau
"es" dalam kalimat positif (positive statement).
Contoh: Mary usually goes swimming on Saturday morning.
Mother always serves our breakfast before we go to
school.
My brother likes playing tennis on Sunday morning.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + to be (is,am,are) + V-ing + O+ keterangan waktu.
(-) S + to be (is,am,are) + not + V-ing + O+ keterangan waktu
(?) To be (is,am,are) + S + V ing + O+ keterangan waktu?


Contoh :
(+) We are studying English at BEC now.
(-) We aren't studying English at BEC now
(?) Are we studying English at BEC now?


1. Kalimat menyangkal (negative)
Kalimat menyangkal (negative) dibentuk dengan menambahkan
"not" sesudah to be (am not, is not/isn't, are not/aren't) dan ditempatkan
sesudah subjek kalimat.
Contoh :
Mary is not/isn't typing the monthly report.
The students are not/aren't studying English in the classroom.
I'm not/ am not preparing a minute of meeting.


2. Kalimat tanya (interrogative)
Kalimat tanya (interrogative statement) dibentuk dengan
menempatkan to be (is, am, atau are) di depan kalimat. Dalam kalimat
tanya to be "am, is, atau are" artinya "apakah".
Contoh : Are you doing your homework?
Is your father still working in the office?
Are the children playing in the garden?


3. Kesesuaian subject dan auxiliary verb di tenses ini adalah
sebagai berikut :
AM digunakan oleh subject I.
IS digunakan oleh subject she, he, dan it.
ARE digunakan oleh subject you, we, dan they.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

A. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + have/has + V-3 + O
(-) S +-have/has + not + V-3 + 0
(?) Have/has + S + V-3 + O?


Contoh :
(+) We have visited him.
(-) we have not/haven’t visited him
(?) Have we visited him?


1. Kalimat Tanya (interrogative)
Kalimat tanya (interrogative) dibentuk dengan menempatkan
"have/has" di depan kalimat. dalam kalimat tanya, kata kerja
selalu dalam bentuk past participle.


Contoh:
 Has your brother got a job? (Apakah saudaramu sudah
mendapat pekerjaan?)
 Have you made a decision where you will continue
your study? (Apakah kamu sudah membuat keputusan
ke mana kamu akan meneruskan kuliahmu?)
2. Kalimat menyangkal (negative)
Kalimat menyangkal (negative) dibentuk dengan
menambahkan "not" sesudah "have/ has'' (have not/haven't,
has not/hasn't) dan ditempatkan sesudah subjek kalimat.
Contoh:
 I have not/haven't done my report for this week. (Saya
belum mengerjakan laporan saya untuk minggu ini.)

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

A. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + V2 + 0 + keterangan waktu.
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O+ keterangan waktu.
(?) Did + S + V1 + O+ keterangan waktu?


Contoh :
(+) You visited my mother yesterday.
(-) You didn't visit my mother yesterday.
(?) Did you visit my mother yesterday?


1. Simple past tense menggunakan keterangan waktu lampau.
Keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan dalam simple past
tense adalah:


2. Semua subject menggunakan DID untuk kalimat negative
dan interrogative


B. Penggunaan
1. Simple past tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu
kejadian, peristiwa atau keadaan yang terjadi pada waktu
lampau.
Contoh:
 The children enjoyed the party last night.
 His father died when he was ten years old.

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

A. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + will + V1( bare infinitive) + 0 + keterangan waktu.
(-) S + will + not + V1( bare infinitive) + 0 + keterangan waktu.
(?} Will + S + V1( bare infinitive) + 0 + keterangan waktu ?


Contoh :
(+) She will visit me tomorrow.
(-) She will not visit me tomorrow.
(?) Will she visit me tomorrow?


1. Kalimat menyangkal (negative statement)
Kalimat menyangkal (negative statement) dibentuk dengan
menambahkan "not" sesudah "WILL" (will not/won't) dan
ditempatkan sesudah subjek kalimat.
Contoh : John will not read magazine tomorrow


2. Kalimat tanya (interrogative statement)
Kalimat tanya (interrogative statement) dibentuk dengan
menempatkan "WILL" di depan kalimat. Dalam kalimat
tanya, "WILL" berarti "apakah".
Contoh : Will they sell the old house next year?


3. Seluruh subject di tenses ini menggunakan satu auxiliary verb
yang sama yaitu WILL.


4. Keterangan waktu yang dipakai dalam tenses ini adalah :
Tomorrow : besok
Next : yang akan datang
Later : kemudian